cnc數控機械加工是指用數控的加工工具進行的加工。CNC指數控機床由數控加工語言進(jin)(jin)行編程控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制，通常(chang)為G代碼(ma)(ma)。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)G代碼(ma)(ma)語言告(gao)訴數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)刀具(ju)采用何種 笛卡爾位(wei)置坐標，并控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制刀具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)給速度和主軸(zhou)轉速，以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)變換器、冷卻劑等功能。 數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)相(xiang)對手動加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢，如數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)非常(chang)jing確(que)并具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)可重復(fu)性；數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)可以生產手動加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無(wu)法完成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)復(fu)雜外形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)。數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong) 技術現(xian)已普遍推廣(guang)，大多數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)間都具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能力，典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)間中最常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式有(you)(you)(you)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)和數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)EDM線切(qie)割(ge)（電火花線切(qie) 割(ge)）。 進(jin)(jin)行數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)叫做(zuo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床或數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心。進(jin)(jin)行數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)削加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)床叫做(zuo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)車(che)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中心。 數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)G代碼(ma)(ma)可以人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)編程，但通常(chang)機(ji)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車(che)間用CAM（計算(suan)機(ji)輔助(zhu)制造）軟件(jian)(jian)自動讀取(qu)CAD（計算(suan)機(ji)輔助(zhu)設計）文件(jian)(jian)并生成G代碼(ma)(ma)程序，對數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床進(jin)(jin)行控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制。

　　cnc數控機械加工有下列優點：

　　①大量減少工(gong)裝數量，加工(gong)形狀復雜(za)的(de)零件不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)復雜(za)的(de)工(gong)裝。如要(yao)改(gai)(gai)變零件的(de)形狀和(he)(he)尺寸，只需(xu)要(yao)修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)零件加工(gong)程序，適(shi)用于新產品研制和(he)(he)改(gai)(gai)型。

　　②加工(gong)質量穩定，加工(gong)精度高，重復精度高，適應飛(fei)行(xing)器的加工(gong)要求。

　　③多品種、小批量生產情況下生產效率較高(gao)，能減少生產準備、機(ji)床調整和工序(xu)檢驗的時間(jian)，而(er)且由(you)于(yu)使用zui佳(jia)切削(xue)量而(er)減少了切削(xue)時間(jian)。

　　④可加(jia)工(gong)(gong)常規方(fang)法難(nan)于加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的復雜型面，甚至(zhi)能加(jia)工(gong)(gong)一些無法觀測的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)部位。

　　數(shu)控加工(gong)的(de)缺點是機床設(she)備(bei)費用(yong)昂貴，要求維修人員具(ju)有較高水平。

cnc數控機械加工通過計算機將其譯碼，從而使機床動(dong)作并(bing)加工(gong)(gong)零(ling)件。通過刀具(ju)切削將毛坯(pi)料加工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)半成(cheng)品成(cheng)品零(ling)件等。